Basic steps for performing CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

Chest Compressions: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a critical life-saving technique used in emergencies when an individual's heart has stopped beating or when they are not breathing. The purpose of CPR is to maintain blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs until professional medical assistance arrives. This intervention is crucial in situations such as cardiac arrest, drowning, or choking, where immediate action can significantly increase the chances of survival.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)


The fundamental steps of CPR involve assessing the situation, checking for responsiveness, calling for emergency help, and initiating chest compressions along with rescue breaths. Here's a more detailed explanation of each step:Assessment:


  • Assessment:
    Begin by assessing the situation to ensure your safety and that of others. Look for potential dangers, such as traffic, fire, or hazardous materials, before approaching the victim.
  • Check for Responsiveness
    Gently tap the person and shout, "Are you okay?" If there is no response, the person is unresponsive, and you need to proceed with CPR.
  • Call for Emergency Help:
    Call emergency services (such as 911) or ask someone else to do so. Provide clear information about the situation, your location, and the victim's condition.
  • Open the Airway:
    Tilt the person's head backward to open the airway. Lift the chin up with two fingers under the bony part of the lower jaw. This helps ensure a clear passage for air

  • Check for Breathing:
    Look, listen, and feel for breathing. If the person is not breathing or is only gasping, start CPR immediately.

  • Chest Compressions:
    • Position yourself beside the victim and place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, just below the nipple line.
    • Place the other hand on top and interlock the fingers.
    • Use your upper body weight to compress the chest at least 2 inches deep.
    • Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
    • Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
  • Rescue Breaths:
    • After 30 chest compressions, provide two rescue breaths. Ensure a good seal over the person's mouth and breathe until the chest rises. Continue with cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
  • Continue CPR:
    • Repeat the cycles of chest compressions and rescue breaths until professional help arrives, the person starts breathing on their own, or you are too exhausted to continue. Continuous, effective CPR is crucial for sustaining blood circulation.

  • Automated External Defibrillator (AED):
    • If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible. Follow the device's instructions for attaching the pads, delivering shocks, and continuing CPR.
  • Adaptations for Infants and Children:
    • For infants, use two fingers for chest compressions. For children, use one or two hands, depending on the child's size.
  • CPR Training:
    • Proper CPR training is essential for everyone. Courses cover techniques for adults, children, and infants, as well as the usage of AEDs. Training provides the skills and confidence needed to respond effectively in emergency situations.
In summary, CPR is a crucial skill that can make a significant difference in saving lives during emergencies. It involves a series of steps, from assessing the situation and calling for help to performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. Continuous, effective CPR helps maintain blood circulation and oxygenation until professional medical assistance arrives. It is recommended that individuals undergo CPR training to ensure they are well-prepared to respond in critical situations.

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